SOME POPES AND MONARCHS OF MEDIEVAL EUROPE

(This appendix was deleted from the 11th edition, but it is available to you here.)

A. Popes

A full listing of medieval popes and antipopes can be found in the Dictionary of the Middle Ages and in many books on the history of the medieval papacy. The popes listed here are among the most important of medieval popes (and include all those mentioned in the text).

Leo I, the Great, 440–461
Gregory I, 590–604
Zacharias, 741–752
Stephen II, 752–757
Leo III, 795–816
Sylvester II, 999–1003
Benedict IX, 1032–1048
Leo IX, 1049–1054
Gregory VII, 1073–1085
Urban II, 1088–1099
Calixtus II, 1119–1124
Hadrian IV, 1154–1159
Alexander III, 1159–1181
Celestine III, 1191–1198
Innocent III, 1198–1216
Gregory IX, 1227–1241
Innocent IV, 1243–1254
Boniface VIII, 1294–1303
Clement V, 1305–1314
Gregory XI, 1370–1378
Urban VI, 1378–1389 (at Avignon)
Clement VII, 1378–1394 (at Rome)
Martin V, 1417–1431
Sixtus IV, 1471–1484
Alexander VI, 1492–1503

B. The Early Carolingians

Pepin of Heristal, 680–714
Charles Martel, 714–741
Pepin the Short, 741–768 (king, 751–768)
Charlemagne, 768–814
Louis the Pious, 814–840

C. Kings of West Francia and France

Carolingians

Charles the Bald, 840–877; emperor, 875–877
Louis the Stammerer, 877–879
Louis III, 879–882
Carloman, 879–884
Charles the Fat, emperor, 884–887
Odo, 888–898*
Charles the Simple, 898–922
Robert I, 922–923*
Ralph, 923–936*
Louis IV, 936–954
Lothar, 954–986
Louis V, 986–987

* Odo, Robert I, and Ralph were not Carolingians, but were instead related by blood or marriage to the family later known as the Capetians.

Capetians

Hugh Capet, 987–996
Robert II, the Pious, 996–1031
Henry I, 1031–1060
Philip I, 1060–1108
Louis VI the Fat, 1108–1137
Louis VII, 1137–1180
Philip II, Augustus, 1180–1223
Louis VIII, 1223–1226
Louis IX, 1226–1270
Philip III, 1270–1285
Philip IV, the Fair, 1285–1314
Louis X, 1314–1316
Philip V, 1316–1322
Charles IV, 1322–1328

Valois

Philip VI, 1328–1350
John II, the Good, 1350–1364
Charles V, 1364–1380
Charles VI, 1380–1422
Charles VII, 1422–1461
Louis XI, 1461–1483
Charles VIII, 1483–1498

D. Kings of East Francia and Emperors of the German States

Carolingians

Louis the German, 840–876
Charles the Fat, 876–887 (emperor, 884–887)
Arnulf, 887–899
Louis the Child, 899–911

Franconians and Saxons

Conrad of Franconia, 911–919
Henry the Fowler, Duke of Saxony, 919–936
Otto I, the Great, 936–973 (emperor, 962–973)
Otto II, 973–983
Otto III, 983–1002
Henry II, 1002–1024

Salians

Conrad II, 1024–1039
Henry III, 1039–1056
Henry IV, 1056–1106
Henry V, 1106–1125

Welfs

Lothar, 1125–1137

Hohenstaufens

Conrad III, 1138–1152
Frederick I, Barbarossa, 1152–1190
Henry VI, 1190–1197
Frederick II, 1215–1250
Conrad IV, 1250–1254

Habsburgs (Selected)

Rudolf of Habsburg, 1273–1291
Albert II, 1438–1439
Frederick III, 1440–1493
Maximilian, 1493–1519

E. Kings of England

Some Anglo-Saxon Kings

Alfred, 871–899
Edward the Elder, 899–924
Ethelred the Unready, 978–1016
Canute, 1016–1035
Edward the Confessor, 1042–1066

Anglo-Normans

William I, the Conqueror, 1066–1087
William II, Rufus, 1087–1100
Henry I, 1100–1135
[Stephen’s Anarchy, 1135–1154]

Angevins (Plantagenets)

Henry II, 1154–1189
Richard I, the Lion-Hearted, 1189–1199
John, 1199–1216
Henry III, 1216–1272
Edward I, 1272–1307
Edward II, 1307–1327
Edward III, 1327–1377
Richard II, 1377–1399

Lancastrians and Yorkists

Henry IV, 1399–1413
Henry V, 1413–1422
Henry VI, 1422–1461
Edward IV, 1461–1483
[Edward V, 1483]
Richard III, 1483–1485

The First Tudor

Henry VII, 1485–1509